Mais la polymyxine n'est pas du tout absorbée dans le sang du système gastro-intestinal et n'a d'effet que dans l'intestin et est utile pour le traitement des infections intestinales amoxicilline prix Internet en y faisant des achats permettant d’économiser jusqu'à soixante-dix pour cent, tout en étant sûr de la qualité des produits pharmaceutiques.
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Rodent Control (Non-Chemical) in Lowland Irrigated Rice trap barrier system Which rodents are pests in rice?
Many rodents cause problems in rice. The main pests are
the "Rice field rat" (Rattus argentiventer), the Black rat
(Rattus rattus) and the lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicotabengalensis). Various mice can also cause problems.
The presence of rats is usually associated with tracks
in mud and rat holes in bunds and levees.
of cover alongedges of ricefields, especially along major irrigation canals and
Why control rodents?
Rodents cause significant losses both in the field and in
• clean spilled grain at harvest, keep village gardens
and around houses clear of rubbish, food scraps
• strategic use of TBS - use during the rice season
Keys to effective rodent control - Community action and Understanding rodent biology - Typical field symptoms include seed eaten at planting, Building and maintaining a Trap Barrier System
plant sheaths or tillers cut at 45 degrees near the base,
or missing grains or panicles. Droppings and half eaten
A TBS will have an effect over an area of 200m radius from
grain are typical symptoms of rodents in grain stores.
the TBS (10 ha). A TBS is simple to erect, but to work
Different rat species differ in their breeding patterns and
properly, needs to meet these specifications:
places where they live and thrive. Therefore different
What you need
control strategies are required for different rodents.
• plastic for barrier fence (stronger material will resist
damage, withstand high winds and be reusable for
Ricefield rats: The breeding of the ricefield rat is linked to
the development of the rice crop and they give birth to
• bamboo stakes to support the barrier and traps;
10-14 young. They begin breeding before panicle initiation
and stop when the crop ripens. If crops are planted more
• stapler and staples to fix plastic to string or wire;
than two weeks apart then the rats will move to the late-
• multiple capture live-traps; kill traps for use within
planted crops and continue breeding. The rats live along
channel banks and in village gardens during land
How to build a TBS
preparation. These are target habitats for short, intensive,
• select an existing 20 to 50 meter square plot within
community control campaigns. The ricefield rats are very
sensitive to human disturbance and so are rarely found in
• use stakes and string to erect fence, bury plastic
10cm into ground and have fence 60 cm above ground;
Black rats: Black rats only give birth to 6-10 young but rice fact sheets
• dig or widen existing channels to construct an
some females breed for most of the year. They therefore
encircling moat at least half a meter wide;
require low level but continual community control actions.
• install one or two multiple capture traps along each
The Black rat thrives around houses and is a major post-
side (these must be held tightly against the fence,
with no holes or gaps that might allow rats to
live trap Control for both
• construct earth mounds partway across the moat,
species requires:
• place kill traps along the inside of the fence to catch
• plant the lure crop 2 to 3 weeks before the
TBS maintenance
• empty the traps early each morning (dead rats left in
the traps will discourage other rats from entering);
For more information on rice and rodents, visit the Rice
• check the plastic barrier for holes each day and
Knowledge Bank http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/
either repair these or install extra traps;
Also see: Aplin et al., 2003. Field Methods from Rodent
• keep the moat free of grass; cover traps with straw
Studies in Asia and the Indo-Pacific. ACIAR Monograph
and provide food to keep rats from dying; and
No. 100.223 p. available at http://www.cse.csiro.au/
• if unable to check the CTBS for a few days, place the
rodents. To diagnose problems in the field, visit Rice
Doctor at: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/
Developed with input from Grant Singleton (CSIRO; [email protected])and MA Bell Produced by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) • 2004, IRRI, All rights reserved •May 12, 2004
Chronische lymphatische Leukämie Stand 13.12.2006 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie Chronische lymphatische Leukämie Autoren: M. Hallek, B. Eichhorst, P. Dreger Expertengruppe: H. Döhner, P. Dreger, B. Eichhorst, B. Emmerich, M. Hallek 1. Definition und Basisinformation Die WHO-Klassifikation (s. B-9.1) beschreibt die chronische lymphatische Leukämie (CL
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