Mais la polymyxine n'est pas du tout absorbée dans le sang du système gastro-intestinal et n'a d'effet que dans l'intestin et est utile pour le traitement des infections intestinales amoxicilline prix Internet en y faisant des achats permettant d’économiser jusqu'à soixante-dix pour cent, tout en étant sûr de la qualité des produits pharmaceutiques.
Microsoft powerpoint - irix_004_spink_sigir04.ppt
INTERACTIVE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AS MULTITASKING: AN EXPLORATORY FRAMEWORK
Amanda Spink & Minsoo ParkUniversity of Pittsburgh
Interactive Information Retrieval
z How is interactive IR constructed by humans?
z Interactive IR is a complex process of coordinating and interplay of
various tasks, including information tasks and interactive tasks
z Interactive IR within a multitasking framework
z What do we already know about multitasking behavior?
Multitasking Behavior
Interactive IR in the broader interdisciplinary context: cognitive psychology, human factors
Multitasking is the ability of humans to handle the demands of multiple tasks by task switching
Dual tasking is the human ability to simultaneously handle the demands of multiple tasks simultaneously, e.g., talking while driving
Multitasking researchers: Just, et al (2001), Rubenstein, et al (2001), Wickens (1992)
Interactive IR as a Multitasking Behavior
z Interactive IR is a multitasking process on two levels: information
z Level 1: Multitasking information behavior
z Level 2: Interactive/search task interplay
Level 1: Multitasking Information Behaviors
z Interactive IR embedded within human information behavior
z Humans translate of their information problems into a coherent
z Humans are often engaged in multiple information problem
z Humans switch between different or related information problems
Multitasking Information Behavior or Information Task Switching
z Humans are often search for information on more than one topic
z Information tasks may be related or distinct, e.g., (1) gardening &
z Information task switching by library users – Spink (JDoc 2004)z Information task switching and interplay between information and
non-information task switching - Spink & Park (forthcoming)
z Studies show multitasking by IR system and Web users – Spink,
Ozmutlu & Ozmutlu (2002), Ozmutlu, Ozmultu & Spink (2003a, b)
z Studies with Excite, AlltheWeb.com, Alta Vista and Vivisimo Web
query data - Spink & Jansen (in press)
Information Seeking and Number of Search Number of Search Searching Level Sessions Level 1: Single Search on a Single Topic Level 2: Successive Searching Level 3: Multiple Topic Searching (Multitasking) Level 4: Multi-Tasking and Successive Searching Level 2: Interactive Task Interplay/Switching
z Users coordinate a sustained complex and coherent interplay of
z Users switch between different interactive/search tasks
Interactive IR as Multitasking
z Model of interactive IR as multitasking
z Initial diagramming of the factors that may affect task switching
z Draws on cognitive science and human factors studies
Model of Interactive IR as Multitasking Nature/complexity of content in relation to domain knowledge High levels of task switching Amount/depth of information Cons: possible loss of Need to batch and processing required – that may efficiency coordinate multiple require a stop to the present task Pros: Deal with multiple information tasks for processing elsewhere/another information tasks effectively Task Switching: Information Problem Attention/ Tasks and Serendipity Interactive/Search Prioritization, Planning, Interplay Cognitive Styles Individual Differences Interactive IR within a Multitasking Framework
z Embeds interactive IR research within the broader framework of
z In the broader research context, multitasking is considered a
common behavior, but counter-productive.
z However, interactive IR context is constructed as a process of
coordinated task switching on different levels
z Therefore, interactive IR is only achieved through multitasking at
Further Research
z Currently conducting studies to investigate:
z Degree and patterns of interactive IR task switching
z How users construct and coordinate their multitasking behaviors
z Relation to information seeking stage, domain knowledge, gender
QUESTIONS??
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