Antiemetic.fin

The American Society of ClinicalOncology (ASCO) is a nonprofitorganization representing more than14,000 cancer professionals world-wide. ASCO offers scientific andeducational programs along with manyother initiatives intended to foster theexchange of information about cancer.
The central purpose of the Society is toimprove cancer care and prevention,and its primary goal is to ensure that allpatients with cancer have access to thehighest quality care.
Preventing and Treating Nausea andVomiting Caused by Cancer Treatment Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chemotherapy Drugs that Cause Nausea and Vomiting . . . . . . . 5 Prevention and Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Prevention and Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Radiation Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Side Effects of Antiemetic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Keeping Your Information Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2000 American Society of Clinical Oncology Preventing and Treating Nausea and VomitingCaused by Cancer Treatment Recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) established apanel of specialists to develop guidelines for preventing and treating nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment. These specialists determined what medications have worked best and made recom- mendations to help you and your doctors make decisions about your continuing health care. It’s important to remember, however, that every person who is treated for cancer is different, and these guidelines are not meant to replace your or your doctors’ judgment.
The final decisions you and your doctors make will be based on your The information in this booklet will help you to understand what antiemetic drugs are and how they may be used as part of your cancer
treatment. Antiemetic drugs are used to help prevent emesis, otherwise
known as vomiting (throwing up), and to relieve nausea (the feeling of being sick to your stomach). Nausea and vomiting is a common side effect of chemotherapy and, sometimes, radiation therapy (radio-
therapy). Many patients fear these side effects, which, up until now,
have been difficult to control. There are now newer drugs that help patients feel better while they are being treated for cancer.
Words that appear in bold throughout the text are defined in the
Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Chemotherapy Not every patient who has chemotherapy will have nausea and
vomiting
. Some patients are more likely than others to have this
symptom. For example, it is more common in women, young patients, patients with a history of excessive alcohol use, and in patients who have had chemotherapy before and had nausea and vomiting that Chemotherapy Drugs that Cause Nausea and Vomiting Usually, your doctor will prescribe an antiemetic drug before yourchemotherapy if you will be treated with a chemotherapy drug that sometimes or often causes nausea and vomiting. If you will receive a chemotherapy drug that rarely causes nausea and vomiting, your doctor will probably prescribe an antiemetic drug to be taken only if you become sick while you are being treated. Some chemotherapy drugs often cause nausea and vomiting, while others cause it less frequently or rarely, as outlined in the table below. Nausea and Vomiting Nausea and Vomiting Prevention and Treatment of Nausea and VomitingCaused by Chemotherapy The following antiemetic drugs are recommended to preventvomiting after treatment with chemotherapy drugs. These drugs can be given orally (by mouth) or intravenously (through a vein in your arm), and your doctor will decide which is best for you. Your doctor will probably suggest that you have a dose of one or more of these drugs before your scheduled
treatment with chemotherapy. He or she may give you a combination of different antiemetic drugs, but also may give you just one. If you will be given high-dose chemotherapy,
your nausea and vomiting may be more difficult to control, and your doctor will probably give you a higher dose of an antiemetic drug to help you feel better.
If your doctor thinks you may have vomiting for more than a day, he or she will probably suggest that you take a dose of one or more of these drugs several times a day for 2 to 4 days after Some patients may have anticipatory emesis or vomiting that
begins before a chemotherapy treatment. This type of vomiting
occurs in patients who have felt sick during chemotherapy in the past. Also, people who have motion sickness are more likely to have If your doctor thinks you may have developed anticipatory emesis, he or she might try to prevent it by prescribing an antiemetic drug to be taken a few days before your scheduled treatment with chemotherapy. If you still have anticipatory emesis, your doctor may suggest alternative ways to overcome this symptom. Be sure to tell your doctor if you continue to feel sick to your stomach or throw up even after taking an antiemetic drug. Your doctor can then adjust your medication to help you feel better.
Prevention and Treatment of Nausea and VomitingCaused by Radiation Therapy With radiation treatment for cancer, your body is exposed to only asmall dose of radiation for a very short time. Because of this, nausea and vomiting does not occur as often after radiation therapy as it does after chemotherapy. However, nausea and vomiting can be more likely after radiation treatment to certain areas on your body.
Your doctor will probably prescribe an antiemetic drug if you will have total-body irradiation (radiation treatment of your entire body),
hemibody irradiation (radiation treatment of half your body), or
cranial radiosurgery (an operation in which radiation is used to
destroy a tumor within the brain). You also may be given an antiemetic drug if you will have radiation treatment of the following Nausea and vomiting is not usually caused by radiation treatment of your skull (only), head and neck, breast, chest, arms or legs, or pelvis. Your doctor will probably prescribe an antiemetic drug to be taken only if you become sick after receiving radiation treatment The doses of antiemetic drugs given during chemotherapy or radiationtherapy sometimes cause side effects. Symptoms that have been associated with some of these drugs are slight headache, constipation,
trouble sleeping, restlessness, involuntary movements of the muscles and tongue, and sedation. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any
of these symptoms or if you are at risk for hyperglycemia (high level
ASCO evaluates new treatments as they are developed. To be sure thatthe information you have is current, please call ASCO at (888) 651-3038 ASCO OnLine, at www.asco.org.
anticipatory emesis: vomiting that occurs before a chemotherapy
treatment; usually occurs in patients who have felt sick during antiemetic drug: a drug that prevents or relieves nausea and
chemotherapy: treatment with chemicals (drugs) to kill cancer cells
by stopping them from growing or multiplying constipation: inability to have a bowel movement
cranial radiosurgery: the use of radiation to destroy tumors in the
brain that are not reachable by a conventional operation dose: a specified amount of a drug (medication)
emesis: vomiting (throwing up)
hemibody irradiation: treatment of half of the body with radiation
high-dose chemotherapy: treatment with high doses of a
chemotherapy drug, or combination of drugs, usually given to patients who are having bone marrow or stem-cell transplantation hyperglycemia: excess of glucose (a sugar formed by the body)
nausea and vomiting: a sick feeling in the stomach (nausea) and the
radiation therapy (radiotherapy): treatment with radiation to kill
tumors or cancer cells or damage them so that they cannot grow or spread; the radiation waves are targeted to the specific area of sedation: a state of feeling sleepy or at rest
total-body irradiation: treatment of the whole body with radiation
Just as important as your physical health is your emotional health.
There are many organizations that offer support to patients withcancer and their families. Ask your doctor or call your local hospitalto find out about such groups in your community. In addition, thefollowing organizations can provide you with more information oreducational materials about cancer.
American Cancer Society (ACS)
National Office
1599 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA 30329
(800) ACS-2345
www.cancer.org
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 650
Alexandria, VA 22314
(888) 651-3038 or (703) 299-0150
www.asco.org
Cancer Care, Inc.
275 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10001
(800) 813-HOPE
www.cancercare.org
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
National Institutes of Health
Office of Cancer Communication
Building 31, Room 10A24
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(800) 4-CANCER
www.nci.nih.gov
National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship
1010 Wayne Avenue, Suite 595
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 650-8868
Supporting Clinical Cancer Research andEducation Around the World The ASCO Foundation is a nonprofit corporation based inAlexandria, Virginia, dedicated to furthering clinical cancer research and education. The Foundation provides an added mechanism for private fund-raising in support of the broad range of ASCO programs, with special emphasis on the advancement of careers in clinical cancer research through the Society’s Fellowship Grants Program.
The Foundation’s ultimate goal is to support the development of the next generation’s leaders in the field of clinical oncology.
The ASCO Foundation has received a generous contribution from its charter sponsor, Ortho Biotech Inc., but it still needs your help to fund these important research and education programs. For more information, or to make a contribution to the ASCO American Society of Clinical Oncology
ASCO Foundation
American Society of Clinical Oncology

Source: http://www.illustrations.com/asco/anti/Antiemetic.pdf

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What are ulcers? They are a sore on the inside of the GI tract, either in the esophagus, stomach or duodenum (beginning of the small intestine). In the years before we had effective medicines a lot of surgeries were done to remove the areas of acid-production. With the availability of H2 blockers (Zantac, Tagamet, etc) and PPI’s (Prilosec, Aciphex etc) and mucus- protectants

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