Mais les résultats doivent être attendus longtemps et il n'y a généralement pas de temps metronidazole prix L'autre cas, c'est que l'achat d'un ou d'un autre antibiotique dans une pharmacie classique nécessite des dépenses matérielles considérables et pas toutes les personnes ne peuvent acheter des produits pharmaceutiques aussi coûteux.
Fibromyalgia: abstracts 2002
FIBROMYALGIA: ABSTRACTS 2005 FROM ARTICLES IN MEDICAL JOURNALS
The abstracts in this collection are intended to provide doctors and other health professionals with a convenient overview of trends in research on fibromyalgia published in medical journals in the year 2005. The studies were selected from the extensive literature on fibromyalgia so as to cover a wide range of subjects in limited space.
The following studies were published in the period January through March, 2005, and abstracts will be added to this selection at intervals during the year. Similar collections of abstracts produced annually from 1999 on can be found on the web-site of the National Fibromyalgia Partnership: www.fmpartnership.org.
The abstracts are arranged in alphabetical order by lead author.
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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and autonomic nervous system functioning in fibromyalgia
In general, there seems to be a reduction in some neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to applied stresses in individuals who have fibromyalgia. This article presents an overview and discussion of these findings with respect to the role of the ANS and the neuroendocrine system in the response to stress, with emphasis on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the possible implication for fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2005 Feb; 31(1):187–202, xi Akkasilpa S, Goldman D, Magder LS, Petri M Number of fibromyalgia tender points is associated with health status in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the association between fibromyalgia (FM) tender points (TP) and health status in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 173 SLE patients enrolled in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Patients were examined for FM TP and asked to complete the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at the same visit. RESULTS: We found 38.2% of patients had no TP, 44.5% had 1-10 TP, and 17.3% had > or = 11 TP. No significant association was found between the number of FM TP and age, sex, race, or level of education. The mean score of the HAQ was 1.3 +/- 0.4. There were significant associations between FM TP and HAQ (no TP
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1.1 +/- 0.3, 1-10 TP 1.4 +/- 0.4, > or = 11 TP 1.6 +/- 0.6; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: A strong association between the number of FM TP and health status was found in patients with SLE. The number of TP, and not just the presence/absence of FM, is associated with health status in SLE. J Rheumatol. 2005 Jan;32(1):48–50 Blanco LE, de Serres FJ, Fernandez-Bustillo E, Kassam DA, Arbesu D, Rodriguez C, Torre JC
Alpha1-Antitrypsin and fibromyalgia: new data in favour of the inflammatory hypothesis of fibromyalgia
Alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) circulates in high serum concentrations, and impreg- nates most body tissues. AAT has a broad anti-inflammatory spectrum, and modulates most inflammatory reactions occurring in human body. Recently, a possible relationship between AAT deficiency (AAT-D) and fibromyalgia (FM) has been raised, with the finding that intravenous infusions of purified human AAT efficiently controlled FM symptoms in two patients with severe hereditary AAT-D. On the other hand, functional magnetic resonance imaging has detected a significant greater activity in pain sensitive areas of the brain in patients with FM, in response to cutaneous stimuli, providing further evidence for a physiological explanation for FM pain. In recent studies abnormal profiles of inflammation markers in serum and biopsies have been found in FM patients. Since most of these inflammation mediators can be inhibited by AAT, these observations would suggest that at least a subset of the FM syndrome could be related to an inflammatory process, possibly due to an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances, in the soft body tissues. Future directions of research would be: (1) to develop epidemiological studies to determine the gene frequency of AAT deficiency alleles in FM patients; (2) implementation of a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the specific role of AAT augmentation therapy in AAT-D patients with FM; (3) identification of specific laboratory markers for diagnostic and clinical evaluation purposes in FM; (4) application of the newest medical imaging techniques for diagnosis; and (5) identification of genetic, familial, and environmental risk factors suspected to par- ticipate in the FM syndrome development. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(4):759–69
Boonen A, van den Heuvel R, van Tubergen A, Goossens M, Severens JL, van der Heijde D, van der Linden S
Large differences in cost of illness and wellbeing between patients with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, or ankylosing spondylitis Fibromyalgia Abstracts: March 2005
OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost of illness of three musculoskeletal conditions in relation to general wellbeing. METHODS: Patients with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain (CLBP), and ankylosing spondylitis who were referred to a specialist and participated in three randomised trials completed a cost diary for the duration of the study, comprising direct medical and non-medical resource utilisation and inability to perform paid and unpaid work. Patients rated perceived wellbeing (0- 100) at baseline. Univariate differences in costs between the groups were estim- ated by bootstrapping. Regression analyses assessed which variables, in addition to the condition, contributed to costs and wellbeing. RESULTS: 70 patients with fibromyalgia, 110 with chronic low back pain, and 111 with ankylosing spon- dylitis provided data for the cost analyses. Average annual disease-related total societal costs per patient were 7813 euro for fibromyalgia, 8533 euro for CLBP, and 3205 euro for ankylosing spondylitis. Total costs were higher for fibro- myalgia and CLBP than for ankylosing spondylitis, mainly because of cost of formal and informal care, aids and adaptations, and work days lost. Wellbeing was lower in fibromyalgia (mean, 48) and low back pain (mean, 42) than in ankylosing spondylitis (mean, 67). No variables other than diagnostic group con- tributed to differences in costs or wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS: In patients under the care of a specialist, there were marked differences in costs and wellbeing between those with fibromyalgia or CLBP and those with ankylosing spondylitis. In particular, direct non-medical costs and productivity costs were higher in fibromyalgia and CLBP. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Mar;64(3):396–402. Epub 2004 Jul 22 Julien N, Goffaux P, Arsenault P, Marchand S
Widespread pain in fibromyalgia is related to a deficit of endogenous pain inhibition
A deficit of endogenous pain inhibitory systems has been suggested to contribute to some chronic pain conditions, one of them being fibromyalgia. The aim of the investigation was to test whether endogenous pain inhibitory systems were activated by a spatial summation procedure in 30 fibromyalgia, 30 chronic low back pain, and 30 healthy volunteers who participated in a cross-over trial (two sessions). Each session consisted of visual analog scale ratings of pain during the immersion of different surfaces of the arm in circulating noxious cold (12 degrees C) water. The arm was arbitrarily divided into eight segments from the fingertips to the shoulder. One session was ascending (from the fingertips to the shoulder) and the other was descending (from the shoulder to the fingertips); they included eight consecutive 2-min immersions separated by 5-min resting periods. For healthy and low back pain subjects, pain was perceived differently during the ascending and descending sessions (P=0.0001). The descending session resulted in lower pain intensity and unpleasantness. This lowering of the perception curve seems to be due to a full recruitment of inhibitory systems at the beginning of the
Fibromyalgia Abstracts: March 2005
descending session as opposed to a gradual recruitment during the ascending session. For fibromyalgia subjects, no significant differences were found between the increasing and decreasing sessions (P>0.05). These data support a deficit of endogenous pain inhibitory systems in fibromyalgia but not in chronic low back pain. The treatments proposed for fibromyalgia patients should aim at stimulating the activity of those endogenous systems.
Pain. 2005 Mar;114(1–2):295–302 Antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs for chronic non-cancer pain
The development of newer classes of antidepressants and second-generation anti- epileptic drugs has created unprecedented opportunities for the treatment of chronic pain. These drugs modulate pain transmission by interacting with specific neurotransmitters and ion channels. The actions of antidepressants and anti- epileptic drugs differ in neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain, and agents within each medication class have varying degrees of efficacy. Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine) and certain novel antidepressants (i.e., bupropion, venlafaxine, duloxetine) are effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The analgesic effect of these drugs is independent of their antidepressant effect and appears strongest in agents with mixed-receptor or predominantly noradrenergic activity, rather than serotoninergic activity. First-generation antiepileptic drugs (i.e., carbamazepine, phenytoin) and second- generation antiepileptic drugs (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin) are effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The efficacy of antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of neuropathic pain is comparable; tolerability also is comparable, but safety and side effect profiles differ. Tricyclic antidepressants are the most cost-effective agents, but second-generation antiepileptic drugs are associated with fewer safety concerns in elderly patients. Tricyclic antidepressants have documented (although limited) efficacy in the treatment of fibromyalgia and chronic low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that duloxetine and pregabalin have modest efficacy in patients with fibromyalgia.
Am Fam Physician. 2005 Feb 1; 71(3):483–90 Mannerkorpi K Exercise in fibromyalgia
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several studies have indicated that physical exercise is beneficial for patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature relating to exercise in fibromyalgia, specifically articles published
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between September 2003 and September 2004, to highlight developments in the field. RECENT FINDINGS: Previous studies indicate that aerobic exercise per- formed at adequate intensity for an individual can improve function, symptoms, and well-being. A recent study of aerobic exercise showed that training in sedentary women with fibromyalgia using short bouts of exercise produces improvements in health outcomes. A study of aerobic walking resulted in improvements in physical function, symptoms, and distress. Two studies of low- intensity pool exercise reported a positive impact on fibromyalgia symptoms and distress. Two studies of qigong movement therapy were reported, one indicating improvements in symptoms and the other in movement harmony, indicating that this mode of exercise needs to be evaluated further. SUMMARY: The recent studies support existing literature on the benefits of exercise for patients with fibromyalgia. The outcomes appear to be related to the program design and the characteristics of the populations studied. As the patients with fibromyalgia form a heterogeneous population, more research is required to identify the characteristics of patients who benefit from specific modes of exercise. Moreover, long-term planning is needed to motivate the patients to continue regular exercise. Informing patients about the benefits of exercise and adjusting the exercise intensity to individual limitations enhances adherence. The social support gained by exercising in groups also enhances adherence to exercise. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005 Mar; 17(2):190–4
Morf S, Amann-Vesti B, Forster A, Franzeck UK, Koppensteiner R, Uebelhart D, Sprott H
Microcirculation abnormalities in patients with fibromyalgia— measured by capillary microscopy and laser fluxmetry
This unblinded preliminary case-control study was done to demonstrate functional and structural changes in the microcirculation of patients with primary fibromy- algia (FM). We studied 10 women (54.0 +/- 3.7 years of age) with FM diagnosed in accordance with the classification criteria of the American College of Rheum- atology, and controls in three groups (n = 10 in each group)—age-matched women who were healthy or who had rheumatoid arthritis or systemic scleroderma (SSc). All 40 subjects were tested within a 5-week period by the same investigators, using two noninvasive methods, laser fluxmetry and capillary microscopy. The FM patients were compared with the healthy controls (negative controls) and with rheumatoid arthritis patients and SSc patients (positive controls). FM patients had fewer capillaries in the nail fold (P < 0.001) and significantly more capillary dilatations (P < 0.05) and irregular formations (P < 0.01) than the healthy controls. Interestingly, the peripheral blood flow in FM patients was much less (P < 0.001) than in healthy controls but did not differ from that of SSc patients (P = 0.73). The data suggest that functional disturbances of Fibromyalgia Abstracts: March 2005microcirculation are present in FM patients and that morphological abnormalities may also influence their microcirculation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005; 7(2):R209–16. Epub 2004 Dec 10 Turk DC
The potential of treatment matching for subgroups of patients with chronic pain: lumping versus splitting
A large and diverse number of treatments have been shown to be effective in reducing pain and other symptoms for a minority but statistically significant number of patients in different chronic pain syndromes. The means by which such different treatments achieve similar outcomes is not well understood. In this paper, the importance of considering patient heterogeneity for those who may be diagnosed with the same medical syndrome is discussed. The author suggests that the lack of satisfactory treatment outcomes for the treatments of chronic pain syndromes may be accounted for by the patient homogeneity myth—the assumption that all patients with the same medical diagnosis are similar on all important variables. The importance of subdividing (splitting) patients into meaningful groups is described. Studies presenting data on the identification of patient subgroups based on psychosocial and behavioral characteristics and the reliability and validity of this approach are presented. Some initial attempts to demonstrate the potential for matching treatments to patient subgroups are described.
Clin J Pain. 2005 Jan-Feb; 21(1):44–55; discussion 69–72 Werle E, Jakel HP, Muller A, Fischer H, Fiehn W, Eich W Serum hyaluronic acid levels are elevated in arthritis patients, but normal and not associated with clinical data in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a disease with widespread chronic pain and many nonspecific symptoms. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a disputed marker for the diagnosis of FM. The aim of the study is to clarify the discrepant results reported so far. METHODS: Serum concentrations of HA were measured with a radiometric assay (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Sweden) in 41 patients with FM (38 females), 48 with arthritis (35 females) and 31 control subjects (28 females). Correlations of HA levels with clinical parameters (duration of disease, age, gender, medication) and scores of disease severity (e.g. depression and pain) were calculated. If appropriate, partial correlations and analysis of covariance adjusted for confounding variables (e.g. age) were used. RESULTS: HA levels were confirmed to be age-related in the whole study group (r(s) = 0.54; P < 0.001) Fibromyalgia Abstracts: March 2005
and each subgroup. Association between HA levels and gender, drug therapy, clinical or psychometric data could not be demonstrated in patients suffering from FM. Analyzing all study participants, HA levels were correlated with the pain disability index (PDI) (r(tau) = 0.27; P < 0.02) and, in arthritis patients only, with duration of disease (r(tau) = 0.82; P < 0.001). Moreover, analysis of covariance revealed that patients with FM had normal HA values as compared with control subjects and only patients with arthritis had significantly higher levels than both other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present study with a quite large cohort including patients with arthritis and FM demonstrates that serum levels of HA in FM are neither elevated nor associated with any relevant clinical data of this disease and, therefore, have no diagnostic or prognostic value. Clin Lab. 2005; 51(1–2):11–9 Fibromyalgia Abstracts: March 2005
Comunicação Breve Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from sputum samples from symptomatic outpatients – Complexo de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil* Resistência a drogas em cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas de amostras de escarro de pacientes ambulatoriais sintomáticos – Complexo de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Joyce
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