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THE MALARIA TRAINING AND RESEARCH CAPACITY BUILDING
IN SOUTHERN AFRICA (MTCBSA: 2D43TW001587-06A2) PROGRAM: PROJECT ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE
The Malaria Training and Research Capacity Building in Southern Africa (MTCBSA) program is a renewed five-year (2008-2013) Fogarty International Centre Training Grant (2D43TW001587-06A2) hosted at the University of Zambia school of Medicine. The program goals, projected outcomes, indicators and impacts are as outlined below. The program emanates from the irrefutable critical need of local malaria control and case management expertise (local scientists, health personnel and research workers) in the Southern African region. The initial phase of the program, ‘Malaria Research and Training Program in Zimbabwe (MRTPZ)’, ran from 2000 to 2005 and was hosted by University of Zimbabwe college of Medicine and the Biomedical Research and Training Institute (BRTI). The MTCBSA program progress reported presented here endeavors to present an overview of the program since its inception in 2000 discussing and highlighting the program’s current status and achievements. Nirbhay Kumar PhD
(Professor and Departmental Chair of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA) James Chipeta MD, PhD
(Senior Lecturer & Assistant Dean Research, University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Zambia) A. Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine (TSPHTM)
B. University of Zambia School of Medicine (UNZA-SOM)
C. USA (Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health(JHUSPH)
D. Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola(TDRC)
E. Malaria Institute at Macha (MIAM)
F. National Malaria Control Centre(NMCC)
G. University Of Zimbabwe(UZ)
The overall program objective is to build research and manpower capacity in the area of malaria control and interventions at local and regional level with the following specific goals; Increase national manpower capacity in malaria control and intervention by conducting short and medium term courses (seminars, workshops, Fellowships) in malaria disease control and case management. Build local and regional expertise in the field of malaria epidemiology, immunology, biology and entomology by facilitating and conducting medium to long term training activities(Postgraduate training: Masters of Science and PhDs). Build local and Regional malaria research capacity by conducting needs-based research. LOCAL HOST COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS (UNZA-SOM, NMCC, TDRC, MIAM & UZ) COMMITMENT identify suitable candidates for training Identify and provide laboratory space for research Provide basic infrastructure for training Provide necessary local expertise for training and research activities. USA COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS (JHUSPH & TSPHTM) COMMITMEN Provide necessary expertise for training and research activities. Facilitate both short and long term training programs The resultant increase in national manpower capacity in malaria control and intervention will provide a higher quality and more effective control and management of malaria in the country as well as in the region. There will be increased local and regional expertise in malaria epidemiology, immunology, Biology and Entomology and thereby improving capacity in disease control and management. The increased local and regional expertise in malaria epidemiology, immunology, Biology and entomology will also entail improved malaria research capacity in the country and region. In addition, higher quality service will be made available for patient care and public disease control heralding possible centres of excellence in malaria management in the region.  Increase in number of critical primary health personnel with basic skills in malaria disease control, diagnosis, and case management by the end of the Project in 2013.  At least ten people trained with Master Degrees (With focus on malaria) through the project by 2013  Increase in number of critical primary health personnel with basic skills in malaria diagnosis, disease control and case management will entail improvement in disease control and case management and thus reduce the disease burden.  Established and enhanced malaria research capacity  Increase in malaria research output from the region with respect to scientific publications. EXPECTED PROJECT IMPACT The improved manpower in malaria disease control and management will result into effective disease control as well as provide high quality services in diagnosis and effective case management in the country and region. It is hoped that subsequently improved expertise in malaria and enhanced research capacity will herald centres of excellence in malaria disease control and management in the region. PROGRAM OUTPUTS TO DATE: TRAINING AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES A. The table below summarizes a few of the many students and fellows with full or partial support under the MTCBSA program between 2000-2012 (Only 14 of the over 110 individuals that have received training of some sort under the grant) with specific outputs. MTCBSA support/Training
Thesis/Dissertation/Fellowship Title
Mentors/Supervisors
Current Status
Activity
Plasmodium falciparum and the effect 2004 and further pursued PhD in South Africa 2004) and subsequently had partial MTCBSA support for her MSc. Dissertation Master of Science in Epidemiology Student at UNZA school of medicine cerebral malaria’ study at Hubert survey at JHUSPH’s Malaria Research JHUMRI) Master of Medicine (MMED) in Anaemia in Children with Malaria (Zambia, UNZA-SOM) Paediatitrics Dissertation at UNZA ((MMED in Paediatrics and Child Dr. James Chipeta Now pursuing MSc in Epidemiology at UNZA-SOM Master of Philosophy (MPHIL) degree studies in Entomology at Bindura University of Insecticide Treated bed- Nets Study in Malawi interventions’ (TDRC, Ndola, Zambia2010) 1. Mlambo, G., Mutambu, S.L., Mdoluza, T, Soko, W., Mbedzi, J., Chivenga, J., Lanar, D.
E., Singh, S., Carucci, D., Germpeli, A., Kumar, Nirbhay. Antibody Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens in three areas distinct with respect to altitude. Acta Tropica 10: 70-78 (2006). 2. Mlambo, G., Sullivan, D., Mutambu, S.L., Soko, W., Mbedzi, J., Chivenga, J., Germpeli,
A.,Kumar, Nirbhay. High prevalence of molecular markers for resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in P. falciparum from Zimbabwe. Parasitology Research. 101: 1147-1151 (2007). 3. Mlambo, G. and Kumar Nirbhay. A modified Plasmodium falciparum growth inhibition
assay (GIA) to assess activity of plasma from malaria endemic areas. Exp Parasitology. 115:211-214 (2007) 4. Mlambo, G., Sullivan, D., Mutambu, S.L., Soko, W., Mbedzi, J., Chivenga, J., Germpeli,
A., Kumar, Nirbhay. Analysis of genetic polymorphism in select vaccine candidate antigens and microsatellite loci in Plasmodium falciparum from endemic areas at varying altitudes. Acta Tropica 102: 201-205 (2007). 5. James Chipeta, Chipepo Kankasa, Masela S Chinyama , Christopher Mazimba, Cecilia
Shinondo, Naawa Sipilanyambe, Victor Mudenda, Lars Hviid . Prevalence of Pregnancy associated Malaria (PAM) in Zambian Women Attending Antenatal Clinic and Women Presenting with Adverse Pregnancy outcomes: A report of Pilot Studies on the Impact of HIV Infection on Acquisition and Maintenance of Protective Immunity to P. falciparum Medical Journal of Zambia 2007vol 34(1). 6. Mlambo, G, Vasquez, Y, LeBlanc, E, Sullivan, D, Kumar, Nirbhay. An RT-PCR based
detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes using blood collected on filter papers. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78: 114-116 (2008). 7. Midzi N, Sangweme D, Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Brouwer KC, Munatsi A, Mutapi
F, Mudzore J, Kumar Nirbhay, Woelk G, Mduluza T.The burden of polyparasitism among primary school children living in rural and commercial farming areas of Zimbabwe. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 102: 1039-1045 (2008) 8. Midzi N, Sangweme D, Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Brouwer KC, Kumar Nirbhay ,
Mutapi F,Woelk G, Mduluza T. Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel treatment against Schistosoma haematobium infection among primary school children in Zimbabwe. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 102: 759-766 (2008). 9. Mlambo, G, Maciel, J and Kumar, Nirbhay. Development of a mouse model to evaluate
malaria transmission blocking vaccines using a transgenic Plasmodium berghei expressing target antigen Pfs25. Infection & Immunity, 76: 2018-2024 (2008). 10. Mlambo, G. and Kumar, Nirbhay. Transgenic rodent Plasmodium berghei: tools for
assessment of functional immunogenicity and optimization of human malaria vaccines. Eukaryotic CELL. 7: 1875-1979 (2008). 11. Ellekvist, E.,, Jorge Maciel, Godfree Mlambo, Christina H. Ricke, Hanne Colding, Dan
A. Klaerke, and Nirbhay Kumar. Critical role of a K+ channel in Plasmodium berghei transmission revealed by targeted gene disruption. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105: 6398-6402 (2008). 12. Sangweme, D., Shiff, C and Kumar, Nirbhay. Adverse outcome of nonlethal
Plasmodium yoelii malaria during co-infection with Schistosoma mansoni in a mouse model. Experimental Parasitology. 122: 254-259 (2009). 13. James Chipeta, Sungano Mharakurwa, Philip Thuma, and Nirbhay Kumar. A synopsis
of Current Malaria Diagnosis Trends. Medical Journal of Zambia 2009;36(2):95-101 14. Mable M. Mutengo, Victor Mudenda, James C. Mwansa, Kennedy Kaonga, Sandie
Sianongo, Cecilia J. Shinondo. Presence of Schistosomiasis in Genital Biopsies from Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Medical Journal of Zambia.2009;3 (6):114-118. 15. Mlambo, Godfree, Kumar, Nirbhay, Yoshida, Shigeto. Functional Immunogenicity of
baculovirus expressing Pfs25, a human malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigen. Vaccine doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.022 (2010) 16. Sangweme, DT, Midzi, N, Zinyowera-Mutapuri, S, Mduluza, T, Diener-West, M,
Kumar, Nirbhay. Impact of Schistosome infection on Plasmodium falciparum malariometric índices and immune correlates in school age children in Burma valley, Zimbabwe. PLos NTD, 4: e882 (2010). 17. Midzi, N, Zinyowera-Mutapuri, S, Sangweme, DT, Paul, NH, Makware, G, Mapingure,
MP, Brouwer, KC, Mudzori, J, Hlerema, G, Chadukura, V, Mutapi, F, Kumar, Nirbhay, Mduluza, T. Efficacy of integrated school based de-worming and prompt malaria treatment on helminths-Plasmodium falciparum co-infections: A 33 months follow up. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 11:9 (2011). 18. Midzi, N, Zinyowera-Mutapuri, S, Mapingure, MP, Paul, NH, Sangweme, DT, Hlerema,
G, Mutsaka, MJ, Tongogara, F, Makware, G, Chadukura, V, Brouwer, KC, Mutapi, F, Kumar, Nirbhay, Mduluza, T. Knowledge attitudes and practices of grade three primary schoolchildren in relation to schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helmintiasis and malaria in Zimbabwe. BMC Infectious Diseases. 11: 169 (2011). 19. Chaerkaddy, R, Kelkar, DS, Muthusamy, B, Kandasamy, K, Dwivedi, SB,
Sahasrabudde, SA, Kim, MS, Renuse, S, Pinto, SM, Sharma, R, Pawar, H, Sekhar, NR,
Mohanty, AK, Getnet, D, Yang, Y, Dash, AP, MacCallum, RM, Delanghe, B, Mlambo,
G, Kumar, A, Okulate, M, Kumar, Nirbhay and Pandey, A. A proteogenomic analysis of
Anopheles gambiae using high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Genome
Research (In press, 2011) doi: 10.1102/gr.127951.111.
20. Chanda E, Hemingway J, Kleinschmidt I, Rehman AM, Ramdeen V, Phiri FN, Coetzer S,
Mthembu D, Shinondo CJ, Chizema-Kawesha E, Kamuliwo M, Mukonka V, Baboo
KS, ColemaPLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24336. Epub 2011 Sep 6. C. CONFERENCE/SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS ABSTRACT PRESENTATIONS 1. Gregory S. Noland, Davison Sangweme, Thaddeus K. Graczyk, Bernard Fried,
Fred A. Lewis, Clive J. Shiff and Nirbhay Kumar. Malaria and helminth co-infection: development of a murine model to study interactions between Plasmodium yoelii and the trematodes Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni. ASM Conference on Polyparasitism, Lake Tahoe, 2003. 2. Mlambo, G., Mutambu, S.L., Sullivan, D., Jaenisch, T., Germpeli, A., Chivenga, J.,
Mbedzi, J., Kumar, Nirbhay. Extensive genetic polymorphism and high prevalence of molecular markers for drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in different areas of Zimbabwe. 54th Annual meeting ASTMH, 2005 3. James Chipeta, Mable Mutengo, Victor Mudenda, Naawa Sipilanyambe, Cecilia J.
Shinondo , Chipepo Kankasa, Ganapati J.Bhat and Lars Hviid. Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitaemia in Pregnant Women in Zambia: Preliminary Report from a Pilot study. Abstract 527 in Acta Tropica Vol 95 Supplement 1 (2005) 4. Mduluza, T., Sangweme, D., Midzi, N., Zinyowera, S., Mlambo, G., Kumar, N.
TNF-a, IL-10, IFN-g and TGF-b gene polymorphism analysis in children exposed to malaria and/or helminth infections in Zimbabwe. 3rd International Malaria Research Conference, JHMRI, Baltimore, 2006. 5. Mlambo, G., Mutambu, S.L., Mduluza, T, Soko, W., Mbedzi, J., Chivenga, J., Lanar,
D. E., Singh, S., Carucci, D., Germpeli, A., Kumar, Nirbhay. Antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens in three areas distinct with respect to altitude and malaria transmission. 3rd International Malaria Research Conference, JHMRI, Baltimore, 2006 6. Mduluza, T., Sangweme, D., Midzi, N., Zinyowera, S., Mlambo, G., Kumar, N.
TNF-a, IL-10, IFN-g and TGF-b gene polymorphism analysis in children exposed to malaria and/or helminth infections in Zimbabwe. 3rd International Malaria Research Conference, JHMRI, Baltimore, 2006 7. Sangweme, D., Midzi, N., Zinowera, S., Mduluza, T., Kumar, N. Malaria and
helminthes co-infections in children aged 6-17 years in the Burma valley area of Zimbabwe. 56th Annual meeting of the ASTMH. 2007. 8. Ellekvist P., Maciel, J., Mlambo, G., Klaerke, D., Kumar, N. Phenotypic
characterization of a P. berghei K-channel knock-out parasite. Molecular Parasitology Meeting, Woodshole, 2007 9. Mlambo, G., Maciel, J., Kumar, N. Development of transgenic Plasmodium berghei
expressing P. falciparum sexual stage antigen Pfs25 for in vivo assessment of transmission blocking immunity. 56th Annual meeting of the ASTMH. 2007.(selected for Presentation for Young Investigator Award) 10. James Chipeta, Chipepo Kankasa, Mable Mwale Mutengo, Pascalina Chanda , Lars
Hviid, and Phillip Thuma. Prevalence of HIV-1 and Malaria Co-Infections among Children Presenting at University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Abstract Poster presentation at the 5th Pan-African MIM Conference, 1-6 November, 2009, Nairobi, Kenya 11. Lungowe Sitali,Mable Mutengo, James Chipeta ,Cecilia Shinondo. Serum
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule -1 (ICAM-1) Levels are Invariably Raised in Children with Malaria and Correlate with Haemoglobin levels and parasiteamia. Abstract Poster presentation at the 5th Pan-African MIM Conference, 1-6 November, 2009, Nairobi, Kenya. 12. Mable Mutengo, James Chipeta and Cecilia J shinondo. Effect of HIV on anti-
malarial treatment outcome in children co-infected with malaria and HIV in Zambia. Abstract presentation at the National Health Research Conference –Zambia, 28th -30th September, 2009 13. Evans Mulendele, James Chipeta, and Chifumbe Chintu. Prevalence of Iron
Deficiency Anemia in Children with Malaria. Abstract Poster presentation at the 2010 International Paediatrics Asssociation Conference, 4-9th August, 2010, Johannesburg, South Africa 14. James Chipeta, Charles Michelo, Lungowe Sitali, Nixon Muchindu, Peter
Haangoma, Pascalina Chanda, Mulakwa Kamuliwo and Elizabeth K. Chizema, Michael Alifrangis, Cecilia J. Shinondo,Nirbhay Kumar. Prevalence of Malaria in Pregnancy (MIP) among Women Receiving Sulfadoxine-Pyrimenthamine Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for malaria in pregnancy (SP-IPTp) in a Rural District of Zambia: High prevalence of pfdhfr and pfdhps with low frequency of pfcrt mutations among the MIP plasmodium falciparum (pf) isolates. 2011 National Health Research Conference,19th -21st October, New Government Complex, Lusaka, Zambia 15. James Chipeta and Monique Stins, Cerebral malaria in Zambia: current status
and issues to address. 60th Annual meeting of the ASTMH. 2011, Philadelphia, USA.

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