Anthelmentic activity of citrus aurantium linn

Bidkar et al., IJPRD, 2011; Vol 3(3):10; May 2011 (69 - 72) International Standard Serial Number 0974 – 9446 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANTHELMENTIC ACTIVITY OF CITRUS AURANTIUM LINN.
Bidkar J S1*, Bhujbal M D1,
ABSTRACT
Correspondence to Author
Present study is aimed to evaluate the anthelmentic activity of fresh fruit juice of Citrus aurantium L. against Indian earthworms Pheritima posthuma. The various dilutions of fresh fruit juice of Citrus aurantium L. were tested for paralysis time and death time of the worms. Results revealed that all the dilutions of tested fresh juice of Citrus aurantium L. possess anthelmentic activity in a dose dependant manner. Potency of the test samples was found to be inversely proportional to the time taken for paralysis/death of the worms. The activities were comparable with the reference drug Albendazole. Among the tested fresh undiluted fruit juice was fresh diluted fruit juice. Phytoconstituents of fresh fruit juice of the Citrus aurantium L. were found to be Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Phenolic/ Tannins, Glycosides. The present study therefore justifies its use in the folklore remedies as an Key Words
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INTRODUCTION
The fresh fruits of Citrus aurantium L. were collected from Pune district of Maharashtra in Aug. 2010. Plant Helminth infections are among the most common was authenticated by Mr. P. G. Diwakar Deputy Director infections in man, affecting a large proportion of the Botanical Survey of India, Koregaon Road, Pune. world's population. The greatest prevalence is in Preparation of juice
children of primary school age who plays in The fruits were washed thoroughly to remove adhered contaminated soil around the house and develops material. The peels of fruit were removed and heavy worm’s burdens.(1) In developing countries they mesocarp grind thoroughly in mixer. The material was pose a large threat to public health and contribute to filtered through Whatman filter paper no.40 and filtrate the prevalence of malnutrition, anaemia, Eosinophilia, was collected. The prepared fresh fruit juice were made and pneumonia. Although the majority of infections in the concentrations of undiluted juice, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, due to worms are generally limited to tropical regions, and 20, 40 mg/ml in distilled water as vehicle. they can occur to travellers who have visited those Chemical
areas and some of them can develop in temperate Albendazole was purchased from local market. The solvents and other chemicals of analytical grade were Helminthiasis is among the most important animal diseases inflicting heavy production losses. The disease is highly prevalent particularly in third world countries due to poor management practices. collected from moist soil and washed with distilled Chemical control of helminthes coupled with water to remove all faecal matter were used for the improved management has been the important worm anthelmentic study. Pheritima posthuma was used due control strategy throughout the world. However, to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with increasing problems of development of resistance in the intestinal roundworm parasites of human beings. (7) helminthes against anthalmentic i.e. those agents that The earthworms of 3-5 cm in length and 0.1-0.2 cm in are expel parasitic worms (helminthes) from the body, width were used for all the experimental protocol. (8) by either stunning or killing them, have led to the Phytochemical Evaluation
proposal of screening medicinal plants for their The fresh fruits of Citrus aurantium L were subjected to anthelmentic activity. The plants are known to qualitative phytochemical test to determine the nature provide a rich source of botanical anthalmentic. A number of medicinal plants have been used to treat Anthelmintic Bioassays
parasitic infections in man and animals. (3, 4) The earthworm Pheritima posthuma was used for Citrus aurantium L. belongs to family Rutaceae. It is evaluating the anthelmentic activity of fresh juice of the native to Northern India; its different varieties are plant using Albendazole as reference standard for grown all over India chiefly in the warmer moist regions, Khasia Hills in Assam, and Central Provinces. Activity against Earthworms
It is a tree 6 to 8 m high bearing fruits with a thick, Anthelmintic activity was carried out on adult rugged and easily detachable cortex. The fruits are earthworm, Pheritima posthuma. Seven groups were sour, bitter, astringent, thermogenic, laxative, made, each containing six adult earthworms of appetizer, stomachic, digestive, anthelmentic and approximately equal size. Fresh fruit juice and antiscorbutic and are useful in vitiated conditions of Albendazole were made in the concentrations of pitta and kapha, cough, bronchitis, dyspepsia, nausea, undiluted juice, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 20, 40 mg/ml in flatulence, colic, Helminthiasis scabies and anaemia. distilled water as vehicle. Groups of earthworms were released into 10 ml of desired formulations as made MATERIALS AND METHODS
above, and one group was treating as control in distilled Plant Material
water. The observation was made for the time taken to International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development ISSN: 0974 – 9446 cause paralysis and death of individual worms. dependant activity. The Mean ± S.D. values (statistical Paralysis was said to occur when the worms did not analysis) were calculated for fruit juice. The result of move even in normal saline. Death was concluded when the worms lost their motility followed with posthuma is given in table no.2, showed that, the different concentration used for juice has shown paralysis and death of earthworms and it was compared The result of phytoconstituents of fresh fruit juice of with Albendazole as reference drug. Undiluted fresh the Citrus aurantium L. is given in table no. 1 showed juice has taken less time to cause paralysis, and little that presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, more time to cause death of earth-worms as compared Phenolic/ Tannins and Glycosides. Fresh fruit juice was used for anthelmintic activity has shown dose

Table No: 01. Phytochemical Evaluation of Fresh Fruit Juice of the Citrus aurantium L.

(+) Indicates presence (-) Indicates Absence.
Table No: 02. Anthelmintic Activity against Earthworms

Values are Mean ±S.D.
CONCLUSION
juice of the Citrus aurantium L. were found to be From the above result it is concluded that fresh undiluted juice of Citrus aurantium L. have a potent anthelmentic activity when compared with reference It is, suggested that further studies on large scale be drug. Results were comparable with the standard carried out on large number of animals than those used Albendazole drug and phytoconstituents of fresh fruit in the current study, identification and isolation of International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development ISSN: 0974 – 9446 active principles, and standardization of dose and posthuma, Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 3, 2010, pp.267-269. 5. Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK, Chopra RN, The Indian REFERENCES
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