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Chemical Science Review and Letters ISSN 2278-6783

Research Article
Spectrophotometric Determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride in Nagaraja Setty K1, Prabhavathi K*2, Chakravarthi I.E3, Manjula gayathri M4 1Department of chemistry, Government Degree College for Men, Kurnool(Dt), A.P, India 2*Department of Chemistry, S.B.S.Y.M. Degree College, Kurnool(Dt), A.P, India 3Department of Chemistry, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool(Dt), A.P, India 4Department of chemistry, Bhanvan's New Science College Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, A.P, India Abstract
their dosage form. Statistical analysis of the obtained results showed no significant difference between the proposed method and other official spectrophotometric method has been developed and reported methods as evident from the t-test. for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride The proposed method is simple, rapid accurate, in pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this method precise, reproducible, and economic and can be used for routine quantitative analysis of tramadol hydrochloride in pure and tablet tramadol hydrochloride forming charge transfer complex with maximum absorbance at λmax 455 nm. Optimization of the reaction conditions *Correspondence
has been investigated. Obedience to Beer's law permitted the assay of tramadol hydrochloride in Keywords: Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry, tramadol hydrochloride, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-
dicyano-p-benzoquinone, (DDQ), Formulations Introduction
Apparatus
Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting analgesic, All absorbance measurements were made on a used for treating moderate to severe pain. Tramadol Spectronic 1001 plus spectrophotometer (Milton Roy hydrochloride possesses agonist actions at the μ-opioid Company, USA) with 1 cm matched quartz cells.
receptor and effects reuptake at the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Tramadol is a compound with μ- Chemicals and Reagents
(dimethylaminomethyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) Glass wares used in each procedure were soaked cyclohexanol]. It is used to treat moderate to moderately overnight in a mixture of chromic acid and sulphuric severe pain and most types of neuralgia, including acid rinsed thoroughly with double distilled water and trigeminal neuralgia. Literature survey reveals that, dried in hot air oven. All the solutions were freshly prepared. All solvents and other chemicals used through densitometry[4], UV spectrophotometric and HPLC- this study were of analytical grade. 2,3-dichloro 5,6- DAD methods[5], HPLC method[6-8] High Performance
Thin Layer Chromatography –Densitometry[9], have Munich, Germany) solution(0.1%) solution was freshly been reported for the estimation of tramadol in prepared in methanol and it was prepared a fresh daily. pharmaceutical formulations. Few analytical methods were reported in literature for the determination of Preparation of standard stock solution
tramadol and other combination drugs which includes A standard stock solution containing 1 mg/mL was Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric method[17].
hydrochloride in 100 mL of distilled water. From this, a Experimental
Che Sci Rev Lett 2013, 1(3), 168–171 Article CS25204211 Chemical Science Review and Letters ISSN 2278-6783 working standard solution containing 100 μg/mL was confidence level. This indicated similar precision and accuracy in the analysis of tramadol hydrochloride in its Assay procedure
Table 1 Optical characteristics of proposed method.
Aliquots of standard drug solution of tramadol hydrochloride 0.2-1.0 mL were transferred into a series of 10 mL calibration flasks. To each flask 1.0 ml of the DDQ solution was added, and the reaction was allowed Statistical Parameters Proposed Method
to proceed at room temperature (25±5oC). The reaction was achieved instantaneously. The solutions were diluted up to the mark of the calibration flask with methanol. The absorbance of the resulting solutions was measured at the wavelengths of maximum absorption 455 nm against reagent blanks treated similarly. Beer‟s law is obeyed in the concentration of 20-100 μg/ml of tramadol hydrochloride. Calibration curve was plotted from absorbance values against concentration of drug (Figure 1).
Molar absorptivity, l mole-1 cm-1 3.81x103 Preparation of sample solution
Twenty tablets of tramadol hydrochloride were accurately weighed and powdered. Tablet powder equivalent to 100 mg of tramadol hydrochloride was Regression equation (Y = a + bC) Y=0.004x+0.002 dissolved in 50 mL of methanol, sonicated for 15 minutes, filtered and washed with methanol. The filtrate and washings were combined and the final volume was made to 100 mL with methanol. The solution was suitably diluted and analyzed as given under the assay procedure for bulk samples. The results are represented in Table 2.

Results and Discussion

The method was based on the charge transfer reactions of tramadol hydrochloride as n-electron donor with acceptor, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone. Where, Y is the absorbance and C concentration in μg / The absorbance of the highly intensive coloured solution was measured at 455 nm against reagent blank treated similarly. The conditions required for the formation of Table 2 Assay of tramadol hydrochloride in tablet
colored complexes were optimized. Statistical analysis was carried out and the results were found to be satisfactory. The optical characteristics such as absorption maxima, Beer‟s law limits, molar absorptivity and Sand ell‟s sensitivity are presented in Table 1. The
regression analysis using the method of least squares was made for slope (b), intercept (a) and correlation (mg)±S.D*
obtained from different concentrations and the results are
summarized in Table 1. The high molar absorptivities of
the resulting colored complexes indicate the high
sensitivity of the methods. The percent relative standard
deviation, standard deviation and student‟s ‟t‟ test values calculated from the five measurements of tramadol hydrochloride are presented in Table 2. Relative standard deviation values and standard deviation were low that indicates the reproducibility of the proposed methods. In the student‟s „t‟ tests, no significant differences were found between the calculated and theoretical values of both the proposed methods at 95% Che Sci Rev Lett 2013, 1(3), 168–171 Article CS25204211 Chemical Science Review and Letters ISSN 2278-6783 Amount of drug in µg/ ml
Figure 1 Calibration curve of tramadol hydrochloride

Conclusion
K. Kalra, S. Naik, G. Jarmal, N. Mishra, International Journal of Applied Chemistry, The proposed methods are simple, sensitive, accurate and economical for the routine estimation of tramadol H. A. Yalda, S. H. Faezeh, A-E. Alireza, hydrochloride in bulk and in its tablet dosage form. J.Chromatogr. B, 2006, 830(2), 207–211.
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