Information Bulletin best@buchi Parallel Synthesis - Reductive Amination of Aldehyde Group
Parallel optimisation of reductive amination of substitutedfurane-2-aldehydes to 2-dialkylaminofuranes (4 x 24 sam-ples) by using the BÜCHI Syncore Reactor with its Filtra-tion Unit. The reaction itself, drying and evaporation of or-
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ganic extracts are accelerated by using Syncore. best@buchi SYNTHESIS 34 / 2004 Parallel Synthesis - Reductive Amination of Aldehyde Group
Eugene Babaev, Eugene Belykh, Ilya Dlinnykh, Natalia Tkach, Combinatorial Chemistry Center, ChemistryDepartment, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia and Wolfgang Bender, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal,Germany and Gerhard Schönenberger, Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland. Introduction
The reagents of choice are Na[BH(OAc) ] or Na[BH CN] [3].
N-substituted aminomethyl groups (NHRCH - or NR CH -) are
The usual impurities are the traces of alcohol (from concurrent
famous pharmacophore groups presented in many drugs and
aldehyde reduction) and starting materials. The reaction pro-
natural products. Among the strategies used in the modern
ceeds heterogeneously (at room temperature in DCM or DCE),
organic synthesis to incorporate this group into a desired
and good shaking of the reaction mixture is absolutely crucial
molecule (see scheme 1) the well-known reactions are
1 Mannich aminomethylation,2 alkylation of amines by suitable electrophilic reagents of the
Reductive amination of aldehydes with Syncore.
type R-CH -X (containing chlorometyl and analogous groups)
In our experiments we have tested the reactivity of several 5-
arylfurane-2-aldehydes (from Bayer Healthcare proprietary
Synthone collection) in the reductive amination reaction. Intotal we have tested 9 aldehydes and 18 secondary aliphaticamines. The solutions of the aldehydes (15 mmol in 5 ml) andamines (15 mmol in 2 ml) in CH Cl were mixed in 24 Syncore
flasks and were shaken for 30 minutes. In order to establishcomplete equilibrium for this first step it is advisable to allowreaction mixtures to stay overnight.The portions of 3 ml ofsuspension of Na[BH(OAc) ] in CH Cl were added into each
of the 24 tubes. It is strongly recommended to place eachtube into the ultrasonic bath for a short period (2-3 minutes) tohomogenise the mixture.
The flasks were shaken on the Syncore for 2-3 days at 20 oC. In some cases the heterogeneous process have required up
Scheme 1: Reactions to trimethylamino derivatives
to 5 days for completing. The content of the flasks became
The first two strategies have evident restrictions and requires
specific substrates, whereas the conversion of carbonyl groupseems almost universal, since aldehydes are very popular buil-
Working-up steps
ding blocks that can be obtained by different ways and be-
20 ml of 20 % K CO solution were added to each tubes, and
sides from quite different precursors.
the device was shaken until the end of hydrogen evolution. The lower, organic layers were placed with the help of pi-
The key feature of the reaction (3) mechanism is reversible
pettes or syringes into another set of 24 flasks. This set was
formation of the Schiff base. The imine can be selectively re-
placed on the Syncore and Na SO was added to each flask.
duced (even in the presence of aldehyde) under the action of
After shaking during 30 minutes the set was kept overnight.
specific reducing agents [2] (scheme 2).
The organic solutions underwent parallel filtering using theBÜCHI Filtration Unit (see pict. 1) under the dry nitrogen at-mosphere.
The parallel cleaning of tubes and filters from drying agent wasperformed by passing 2 times 30 ml of water, 2 times 30 ml ofacetone and finally the flow of nitrogen to dry the device. Theresulting solutions of amines underwent parallel evaporation ofDCM using the BÜCHI Vacuum Pump V-501 with BÜCHIVacuum Controller V-805 at 30-35 oC first at 670 mbar and
Scheme 2: Mechanism of reaction (3)best@buchi SYNTHESIS 34/ 2004 Purification
The compounds containing no impurities of starting amines
Further purification of samples was performed after TLC analysis
(and those obtained after chromatography) were precipitated
of the evaporated samples (Silufol, CHCl :MeOH 10:1).
as oxalates. For this the solution of oxalic acid (15 mmol) in
i-PrOH was added to the solution of the samples in CCl and
the obtained precipitate was filtrated off. Picture 2: Syncore Reactor in laboratoryPicture 1: Syncore with Filtration UnitResults The examples of structures of the starting aldehydes and
In cases of finding starting amine impurities (low R spots) the
amines are shown in table 1. The overall yields are usually
compound was passed via a short silicagel column (d 25 mm,
high. The TLC datas for selected series prove the sufficient
h 30 mm; CHCl then CHCl : MeOH = 20:1).
purity of obtained compounds (table 2). Table 1: Examples of structures of the starting aldehydes and amines with overall yields.best@buchi SYNTHESIS 34 / 2004 Table 2: Short overview of some synthesized productsConclusion References
The acidophobic furan ring is usually considered sensitive
[1] For reviews on reductive amination see:
towards oxidation and other processes, and a lot of side
(a) Emerson, W. S. Org. Reactions, Wiley; 1948, 4,
reactions occur in the reactions involving furans. Therefore,
the success achieved with furyl aldehydes is a good proof of
(b) Lane, C. F. Synthesis, 1975, pp. 135-146.
the applicability of the protocol for other - more stable - alde-
(c) Hutchins, R. O.; Hutchins, M. K. In Comprehensive
hydes. Although there are random examples of reductive
Organic Synthesis, Trost, B. M.; Fleming, I.; Eds.;
amination of different furfurals (including 5-arylfurane-2-alde-
Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991, Vol. 8, pp. 25-78.
hydes [4]), the obtained protocol is first proof of safe parallel
(d) Baxter, E. W.; Reitz, A. B. Org. Reactions, Wiley, 2002,
synthesis of this process when using the BÜCHI Syncore.
[2] Henkel, T.; Brunne, R. M.; Mueller, H.; Reichel, F. Angew.
Common drugs - furosemide and ranitidine - are in fact, just
Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, pp. 643-647.
furans with alkylaminomethyl group, hence our result is a good
[3] Abdel-Majid, A. F.; Carson, K. G.; Harris, B. D.; Maryanoff,
illustration of safe preparation of a library of ‘drug-like’ com-
C. A.; Shah, R. D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61,
pounds at the scale of hundreds of milligrams. Furthermore,
the simplicity of the procedures when using the Syncore has
[4] (a) Denis, A.; Renou C. Tetrahedron Lett., 2002, 43(23),
allowed us to use this reaction in the education of students
(see pict. 2) at Moscow State University during the practical
(b) Alhambra, C.; Castro, J.; Chiara, J. L.; Fernandez, E.;
Fernandez-Mayoralas, A.; Fiandor, J. M.;Garcia-Ochoa, S.; Martin-Ortega, M. D. TetrahedronLett., 2001, 42 (38), pp. 6675 - 6678.
(c) Bats, J. W.; Frost, T. M.; Hashmi, A.; Stephen, K. Acta
Crystallogr. Sect. C: Cryst. Struct. Commun., 2001; 57(9); pp. 1081 - 1083. BÜCHI Labortechnik AG BÜCHI Labortechnik GmbH BUCHI Sarl BUCHI Analytical Inc. BUCHI SMP
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